Accessibility Needs for Online Learning with Coursera

A Usability Case Study and Recommendations

Coursera is a popular Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platform that offers 7,000+ courses. For this project, I worked with a team of four other students to explore the usability of Coursera for individuals with vision impairments and screen reader users.

I proposed focusing our research on MOOC platforms, and led the team throughout our project. I helped design testing materials to fit our unique audience, conducted live usability testing, and formed research insights and recommendations presented in our final report.

My role

  • User Research

  • Project Planning

  • UX Strategy

Skills

  • Research Writing

  • Accessibility Review

  • User Testing

Tools

  • NVDA Screen Reader

  • Wave by WebAIM

Research & discovery

For screen reader users, critical components of online learning are not accessible, reducing their chances of gaining benefits.

Research shows MOOCs are inaccessible to visually impaired users. The pandemic's shift to remote learning emphasized the need for accessible online education.

Previous studies identify problems in content presentation, navigation, and visual alternatives, highlighting persistent accessibility issues for visually impaired learners in online education.

Developing a plan

As lead researcher, my primary focus was developing a tailored usability testing guide to align with our users' context. As such, I recommended adapting the Standard Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the perceived usability of Coursera for blind and visually impaired users.

We conducted 5 remote sessions, which included a brief interview to gather participants’ prior experience with online courses. Each participant was asked to:

  • Find and enroll in a course

  • Watch a video lecture

  • Complete a course quiz

After identifying the core user flows, we focused on obtaining key performance metrics:

  • Behavioral metrics

    “Are the users able to complete their task?”
    “How long does it take them to complete their task?”
    “What kinds of barriers are they encountering?”
  • Attitudinal metrics

    "How do users feel about using Coursera?"
    “How intuitive do they find the website?”
    “Do they feel confident while using the website?”

translating findings into insights

Screen reader users encountered challenging site navigation, inadequate context, and vague, unpredictable outcomes.

Observing how users with blindness and vision impairments used Coursera helped us gain a better understanding of their experience using online learning platforms. As a result, we outline 4 major insights from our study:

Complex navigation and filtering overwhelm users

The inconsistent navigation structure on the course results page confused participants, with three unable to find courses to enroll in.

Excessive filters hindered course discovery, leading participants to assume courses were hidden.

Poor system feedback caused user errors

The lack of system feedback caused submission errors. Source code analysis showed improper use of ARIA labels, hampering accessibility.

Interface interruptions and ambiguous cues impede user progress

Pop-ups disrupted tasks and required user re-orientation. Participants also missed call-to-action buttons due to unclear link labels.

Inadequate video accessibility hinders comprehension and engagement

Lack of transcriptions and visual aids hindered audio interpretation. Incorrect ARIA labeling made transcript controls inaccessible, with users perceiving them as keyboard traps.

Lessons learned

MOOCs must ensure visual content has text or audio alternatives, use clear language, and improve error handling.

Observing how users with blindness and vision impairments used Coursera helped us gain a better understanding of their experience using online learning platforms. As a result, we outline 4 major insights from our study:

High priority

Taking the following actions would drastically improve user satisfaction and platform accessibility

  • Provide audio or text alternatives for visual content

  • Rename links and buttons for clarity to minimize reliance on surrounding text

  • Minimize number of repetitive links and headers

  • Provide clear feedback to confirm user input

Medium priority

Addressing these issues would enhance the overall user experience and make navigation more intuitive

  • Update heading hierarchy to help users easily differentiate between sections of the website

  • Allow learning goals and time zone settings to be set contextually, not in a popup

  • Provide appropriate alternative “alt” text for icons and images

Low priority

Taking the following actions would drastically improve user satisfaction and platform accessibility

  • Simplify course filters for consistency and clarity

  • Improve global search flexibility to auto-correct search input

  • Minimize number of repetitive links and headers

  • Use consistent language and labeling across the site, such as “Week 1” vs. “Section 1”

Lessons learned

Involving users with a wide range of abilities benefits everyone

Engaging users with diverse abilities throughout the design process leads to more inclusive and accessible solutions.

This inclusive approach not only ensures that the final product is usable for a broader audience but also enhances the overall user experience, making the design more intuitive and user-friendly for everyone.

Testing with both sighted and visually impaired users yields more comprehensive insights

By measuring metrics such as time on task across both groups, we can identify more areas where the website may unintentionally hinder user performance.

This dual approach ensures that our solutions are not only accessible but also efficient and effective for a wider audience